Before filing. The capital must be invested, or actively in the process of being invested, when the petition is filed, so the loan should be advanced and the funds placed in the project escrow first. The immigration calendar then runs independently of the loan's repayment schedule.
Draw, transfer, file, then keep two calendars
The petition must show that the required capital has been contributed or is actively being contributed, which for a regional-center project usually means the funds sit in the project's escrow under terms that release them to the enterprise on filing or approval. The mortgage loan should therefore be advanced, converted and transferred before the petition is signed, with each step documented. After filing, the loan and the immigration case run on separate tracks.
The bank expects its payments from the investor's personal income and the grain business's profits, and paying it does not withdraw capital from the enterprise. USCIS expects the capital to remain at risk for the sustainment period; the Reform and Integrity Act shortened it for post-2022 investors, and current guidance should be checked before any repayment from the project is accepted. Conditional residence begins on admission or adjustment, not on approval, and Form I-829 is filed in the ninety days before its second anniversary, a date that no loan amortization schedule should be allowed to obscure.